Great Wall of China
history of the human. It does not appear intelligent Chinese ancestors, but the body of the effort they put their blood and sweat. And renowned in the world for its history and ancient fortifications and the magnitude of his greatness and strength.
Began building the Great Wall of China during the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years. Begins the fence of Jia Yu Guan Gan Su Province in the west and ends at Shanhaiguan, Hebei Province, east through the mountains towering like a huge dragon lying on the territory of the vast North China. It is the oldest and largest defense project in China and the world. And was included in the list of cultural and natural heritage identified by UNESCO of the United Nations in 1987.
Various kingdoms began building walls on its borders in self-defense by more than two thousand years, and those walls have become the oldest part of the Great Wall of China. In 221 BC, Emperor Shi Huang united the de warring kingdoms, and established the first unified state with a central authority in the history of China, the Qin Dynasty property. In order to install its borders against aggression national minority Xiong Nu who were living in areas north of the Qin Dynasty property, linking Shi Huang Di walls built by the Warring States which form Sur Qin Dynasty property, which reached a length of more than 5,000 km and starts from the eastern province of Liao Ning east China and ends at Lin Tao, Gansu Province, west China. And thereafter, and continued to the various royal families in China to build the walls on this basis, exceeding the length of the walls built by each of the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty 5,000 km. The total length of the walls built by the various royal families of 50 thousand kilometers.
The Great Wall of China that we see today is the Wall built in the Ming Dynasty by more than seven hundred years. In this regard, said Mr. Dong Liao Hui of the Secretary-General of the Research Society Wall of China, a Chinese special device research and protection of the Great Wall of China:
"According to historical records, the Chinese, the total length of the walls of China about fifty thousand kilometers. Stood along the fence which was built during the reign of the Ming Dynasty six thousand three hundred and fifty kilometers., But the fence suffered during the past years to sabotage serious, bringing along the fence that we see today is less than this the figure much higher. "
The Great Wall of China is not just a wall, it is a defensive project consists of an integrated defensive walls and observation towers and walkways Alastairatejah barracks and soldiers and warning towers and other defense facilities. The controls on this project leading integrated defense system at different levels. Take Wall of China to the Ming Dynasty as an example, this was the fence, which starts from the river Alwah east and ends at Jia Yu Guan west and the total length of 7000 km is divided into nine administrative regions military, and each region chief executive manages the region separately and is responsible for the repair of the fence in this area the restoration is also responsible for defense affairs in the region or help the neighboring areas of military defense affairs in accordance with the orders of the Ministry of national Defense. The number of soldiers stationed along the fence in the reign of the Ming Dynasty about a million troops.
The walls are a key part of the extended fortifications Wall of China. The walls were built over the mountains or plains dangerous locations by geographical terrain and defense needs. The walls are often built in the plains or important places high and extremely durable, and the walls are built on hazardous sites over the mountains, they are relatively low and narrow, and in order to provide labor and construction costs. The average height of the wall in Yong Guan Jiu Ba Da Ling or within the provinces of Hebei and Shan Gan Su C and about 7 or 8 meters and the thickness of the base 6 or 7 meters, and the thickness of the top 4 or 5 meters. And built in the inside at the top of the fence wall of extra height of more than a meter, and in order to prevent the fall of the soldiers from the wall, and built on the exterior wall of an additional height of about two meters, and on this wall upper openings to control and slots infrastructure to fire or drop stones. In the very important areas, built on the walls of the fence to prevent the rise of multiple enemies fence. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the fence was added to the watch towers or buildings surveillance to follow the movements of the enemy soldiers and housing patrols or storage of weapons and food. And thus strengthened the defensive power of the Wall of China to a large extent.
Considered the most important passages strategic defensive positions on the wall that extends for tens of thousands of kilometers. And usually located in strategic corridors valid locations for the defense in order to resist the aggressors many military forces of a few. There is an old Chinese saying, "If there was one soldier defends at the strategic corridor, can not be crossed ten thousand soldiers." This highlights the importance of ideals vividly strategic corridors. (There are a large number of passages strategic large and small along the Great Wall of China. And take Wall of China to the Ming Dynasty as an example, there were about a thousand corridor Astruthristi along the fence, and the most famous Shan Hai Guan Huang Ya Guan Jiu Yong Guan Ze Jin Guan and Dow What Guan Ping Xing Guan and Yan and Jia Yu Guan Guan addition to Yang Guan Yu Guan of the two brown in the era of the Han Dynasty. means "Guan" in Chinese strategic corridor.
The warning towers also an important part of the fortifications Great Wall of China. It's facilities to send and the transfer of military information. In fact, there have been warning towers as a tool for the transfer of information since ancient times, has been utilized and completed gradually during the construction Wall of China to become the best method to send and the transfer of military information in ancient times. The method of information transfer is the launch of smoke by day and a campfire at night. It's the scientific method and a quick transfer of information as it can know the number of the enemies of the number of sites from which smoke or set on fire. During the reign of the Ming Dynasty Added votes crackers at a time when the launch of campfire smoke and to enhance the effectiveness of the warning, which could be of military accurately reporting information to distant places and different in one moment.
In the absence of mobile and wireless communications in ancient times, it can be said that this method for the transfer of military information has been very fast.
In addition, the warning coordination sites towers is very important. All located in dangerous places on the tops of mountains, and must correspond to three locations with each other to facilitate the transfer of information.
The Great Wall of China is going through different geographical terrain and complex, where the climb mountains and deserts and pierce the pass crosses meadows and rivers. So that the architectural structures of the wall of different and strange as well as built the fence in desert areas materials composed of local stone and a special type of willow Due to the lack of rocks and bricks, while in areas of Plateau dirt yellow northwest China, built for the fence with dirt compacted or mud-brick, and it was a solid and strong At least the durability for fence building with rocks and bricks. The fence built in the reign of the Ming Dynasty often of brick or rock, or a mixture of brick and rock. There is a channel for water drainage at the top of the fence to divert rainwater automatically and the protection of the fence.
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